Real-time hybrid simulation for a base-isolated building with the transmissibility-based semi-active controller

© The Author(s) 2022.The transmissibility-based semi-active (TSA) controller was developed in the existing study by the authors, which can effectively enhance the performance of base-isolated buildings under both strong long- and short-period earthquake ground motions. Since the performance of the TSA controller was only evaluated with numerical simulation in the existing study, this paper further validates its performance experimentally by conducting real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS). A three-story base isolated building was designed based on a simplified design procedure, where the base isolation system of the building consisted of three different devices, that is, a magneto-rheological (MR) damper, rubber bearing, and linear bearings. The base isolation system was experimentally tested with the MR damper controlled by the TSA controller, and the building superstructure was analytically modeled. It was shown that the TSA controller makes the system damping high under long-period ground motions and low under short-period ground motions, which performed uniquely as intended. As a result, the isolator displacement was effectively reduced under long-period ground motions, while the story drift and acceleration responses were also reduced under short-period ground motions, all of which are difficult to achieve at the same time using passive damping only.N

Recent Advances in Hybrid Vibration-Control Systems

A detailed literature review of the recent advances in hybrid vibration-control systems was presented in this article. In the literature, a combination of two or more vibration-control mechanisms, such as passive, active, and semiactive schemes, are defined as a hybrid vibration-control system. This review focused on seismic and wind response mitigation of structures using hybrid vibration-control devices. It started with the historical background of vibration-control systems and categorized hybrid control schemes within a proper frame of references. A detailed literature review on theoretical studies, experimental investigations, and real-life applications of hybrid vibration-control systems was presented. Specifically, this review presented the development in hybrid vibration-control schemes such as passivepassive, semiactive-passive, and active-passive systems. Active-passive damping devices combine the reliability, robustness, and low cost of viscoelastic damping with high-performance, model-selective, and adaptive piezoelectric active control. The semiactive-passive system is a combined system of semiactive damping devices and passive dampers. The passive-passive system consists of two or more passive damping devices. The review shed light on the pros and cons of each of hybrid vibration-control systems and provided the scope of future research for more robust vibration control, which involves dealing with limitations such as weight, size, cost, maintenance, and design obstacles of hybrid vibration-control systems. (C) 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.N

Evaluation of a real-time hybrid simulation system for performance evaluation of structures with rate dependent devices subjected to seismic loading

Real-time hybrid simulation is a viable experiment technique to evaluate the performance of structural systems subjected to earthquake loads. This paper presents details of the real-time hybrid simulation system developed at Lehigh University, including the hydraulic actuators, the IT control architecture, an integration algorithm and actuator delay compensation. An explicit integration algorithm provides a robust and accurate solution to the equations of motion while an adaptive inverse compensation method ensures the accurate application of the command displacements to experimental substructure(s) by servo-hydraulic actuators. Experiments of a steel moment resisting frame with magneto-rheological fluid dampers in passive-on mode were conducted using the real-time hybrid simulation system to evaluate the ability for the simulation method to evaluate the nonlinear seismic response of steel frame systems with dampers that are intended to enhance the response of the structure. The comparison with numerical simulation results demonstrates that the real-time hybrid simulation system produces accurate and reliable experimental results and therefore shows great potential for structural performance evaluation in earthquake engineering research